Sand Lake

Where Sand Lake is

Sand Lake lies in the District of Parry Sound, within the Town of Kearney.

How deep is Sand Lake?

Sand Lake reaches a maximum recorded depth of 50.1 meters, determined from 1,167 soundings.

Surveyed Depths

Ontario has surveyed the depths of several thousand of its lakes over more than half a century. Later surveys were conducted by boat with satellite positioning and produced hundreds of thousands of soundings per lake. Earlier surveys were charted by running transects across the water and drawing depth contours by hand.

Water quality

Ontario’s Lake Partner Program is a volunteer monitoring network. Participants collect a water sample each spring for phosphorus analysis and measure water clarity through the summer with a Secchi disk.

Phosphorus is the nutrient that controls how much algae a lake can grow. A lake with little phosphorus stays clear and supports cold-water fish such as lake trout. As phosphorus rises, algae increase, the water clouds, and oxygen in the deep water falls as the algae decay. The province classifies each monitoring site by its spring phosphorus. Below 10 micrograms per litre is oligotrophic: clear water and low algae. From 10 to 20 is mesotrophic: moderately productive water, with more algae and weed growth than an oligotrophic lake but rarely a bloom. Above 20 is eutrophic: nutrient-rich water, prone to algal blooms and low oxygen at depth.

A Secchi disk is a 20 centimeter white or black-and-white plate lowered on a marked line until it disappears from view. The depth at which it vanishes is the Secchi depth, a direct measure of water clarity. Clearer water gives a deeper reading.

Sand Lake has 2 Lake Partner monitoring sites. One of them has reported phosphorus for the three or more years the province requires before a status is assigned, and is classified oligotrophic.

The longest record is held by site 4776/1 at Deep spot, sampled over 22 springs to 2025. Its long-term mean phosphorus concentration is 6.64 micrograms per litre, within the oligotrophic band, which extends to 10. The site’s 232 clarity readings give a median Secchi depth of 4.5 meters.

Water temperature

Ontario’s aquatic resource records class Sand Lake as a cold-water lake, with a mean depth of 22 meters against its maximum of 50.1.

A deep lake separates into layers through the summer. Sunlight and wind warm and mix the upper few meters, and beneath a band of rapid cooling, the thermocline, the water stays cold through the whole season. A mean depth of 22 meters places most of Sand Lake’s volume in that cold layer, which is the condition lake trout and lake whitefish require.

No provincial monitoring station records water temperature on Sand Lake. The province’s longest in-water record is kept on eight research lakes near Dorset, sampled since 1976. A reading is taken at the surface, at one meter, at each meter to seven and then every two meters to the bottom, about every two weeks through the open-water season and about monthly under ice. The record holds 5,240 readings at a depth of one meter.

At one meter the eight lakes track one another closely. On a day when several were sampled, the warmest and the coolest lake differed by about one degree in every month of the year, and a 12 meter deep lake and a 37 meter deep lake read within 0.2 degrees of each other from June to October. The weather of the year, and not the lake, sets most of the width of the band below.

Satellite thermal imagery gives a surface reading on clear days: the Landsat sensors pass over Sand Lake every eight days at a resolution of 100 meters. In the province’s record the surface reading and the one meter reading agree to within half a degree nine times in ten in summer.

The water a few meters down is colder than any figure on this chart, in every month of the year.

How depth changes the temperature

The chart below is the province’s record on Harp Lake, 37 meters deep, drawn as the median temperature at each depth for each month over 49 years. In July the water at one meter is 23 degrees, at five meters 15, at seven meters 9, and from 13 meters to the bottom under 6. By October the warm layer has deepened to seven meters and cooled to 11 degrees. In February the whole column sits between 1 and 4 degrees under the ice, coldest at the top.

A shallower lake in the same record warms sooner. Heney Lake, six meters deep, reads about 1.8 degrees warmer than Harp Lake at one meter from January to May, 0.8 degrees warmer from June to August, and the same or cooler from September.

Fish in Sand Lake

Ontario’s aquatic resource records name 12 fish species in Sand Lake. The province classes the lake as cold water. The record took effect on 30 August 2016, and it compiles what field biologists had reported by then. The province’s other records for the lake name two further species, brook trout and splake. They appear in the records below.

Ten of the fourteen species in the province’s records

• Lake Trouttrout and whitefish
• Rainbow Trouttrout and whitefish
• Lake Whitefishtrout and whitefish
• Ciscotrout and whitefish
• Northern Pikepike
• Yellow Perchperch
• Smallmouth Basssunfish
• Largemouth Basssunfish
• Rock Basssunfish
• Burbotcod

Spawning areas

Ontario maps 5 fish spawning records within the Sand Lake outline, for three species, all of them mapped areas. Every record is recorded as verified and presently suitable, and none is classed as sensitive.

By number of records

By area mapped

• Lake Trout3 areas0.3 ha
• Lake Whitefish1 area0.3 ha
• Rainbow Trout1 area0.1 ha

The federal Fisheries Act prohibits the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction of fish habitat without an authorization, so a dock, dredging, infill or shoreline work at a mapped spawning area is reviewed on that basis.

Stocking history

Ontario’s stocking records for Sand Lake run from 1946 to 2015 and hold 70 releases. Lake Trout account for most of the fish: 129,972 released in 35 of the years between 1947 and 2015. The last recorded release was 1,000 lake trout yearlings in 2015.

The province’s current stocking programme, recorded from 2017, lists 3,700 lake trout released into Sand Lake between 2017 and 2025.

Eating the fish

The 2025 Guide to Eating Ontario Fish carries consumption advice for four species taken from Sand Lake, tested for contaminants at a sampling location in Proudfoot Twp., Parry Sound Dist. Each figure below is the most meals a month the guide advises for a fish of that length. The advice falls as the fish gets longer, because mercury accumulates over a fish’s life. A zero means the guide advises no meals of that fish at that size.

General population adultsSensitive population children under fifteen, women who are or may become pregnant

Fisheries Management Zone 15

Sand Lake lies in Fisheries Management Zone 15. Ontario sets its fishing seasons and catch limits by zone. Zone 15 covers central Ontario from Georgian Bay to the Ottawa River, bounded to the north by the Pickerel River, Highway 522 and the northern edge of Algonquin Park. It takes in Parry Sound, Huntsville, Bracebridge, Bancroft, Pembroke and Renfrew, and the whole of Algonquin Provincial Park. The province describes it as a zone of many natural lake trout and brook trout lakes, with a well-developed road network and moderate angling effort.

The figures are the number of fish an angler may catch and keep in a day and have in possession, under a sport fishing licence and under a conservation licence. The rows are the whole zone’s, and they apply to every lake in it. No waterbody exception names Sand Lake.

Sand Lake Ice Fishing

An ice hut on Sand Lake must be removed by March 31. Sand Lake lies in fisheries management zone 15, one of the twenty zones Ontario sets its fishing rules by, and one removal date applies across the whole zone.

An ice hut must also be removed before the ice breaks up, whether or not that date has passed. The deadline clears huts from the ice ahead of the thaw and does not close the fishing season.

Registration is required in zone 15 for an ice hut built of anything other than fabric, and for a fabric tent covering seven square meters or more. Registration is free, and the number is displayed on the outside of the hut.

When the ice comes and goes

No ice record is kept on Sand Lake. The province’s nearest long record covers eight lakes near Dorset, about 47 kilometers away. It holds a date for every winter since 1975, observed by eye and from cameras set on the shore.

On those eight lakes the median date of complete ice cover is December 7 and the median date of complete ice loss is April 20, a median season of 134 days.

The date the ice forms has moved later through the record: a November 26 average across 1971 to 1980, and December 11 across 2011 to 2020. The date it leaves has moved by less than a day each decade over the same period. The two charts below are drawn to one scale of 26 days, so they can be read against each other.

Ice conditions

No public record reports the thickness or the condition of the ice on Sand Lake on any given day. Ontario publishes ice safety guidance for anyone going out on the ice, at ontario.ca.

Islands and names

Sand Lake contains two islands in the Ontario Hydro Network’s outline, of 0.3 and 0.2 hectares.

Official names

Ontario’s geographic names register lists 2 official names on the water and its islands: 2 islands.

Nearby lakes

• Pickerel Lake12 km away
• Lake Bernard21 km away
• Doe Lake21 km away
• Dotty Lake23 km away

All lakes

Questions about Sand Lake

• How deep is Sand Lake?

  Its maximum recorded depth is 50.1 meters.

• How big is Sand Lake?

  Its surface covers 5.8 square kilometers and it holds 2 islands. Of its 13 kilometers of shoreline, 12 kilometers is the mainland shore and 1 kilometers is the shore of the islands.

• What fish are in Sand Lake?

  Ontario’s aquatic resource records name twelve species, among them lake trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, northern pike, lake whitefish and yellow perch. The lake’s spawning, consumption and stocking records also name brook trout and splake.

• Is the water clear?

  The one monitoring site with a phosphorus status is classified oligotrophic, the clearest of the province’s three bands.